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Krishna Engineering College (ECS-801) B.Tech.    Computer Science Semester - 8  Pre-Sem Exam May - 2014 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Time : 3 hrs MM : 100 Q.1   Attempt any four of the following questions (5 * 4 = 20) Define and describe the difference between knowledge, belief hypothesis and data. Define Artificial Intelligence and write about application areas of Artificial Intelligence . Define Intelligent Agents and explain the various structures of intelligent agents. What is means-ends analysis? Explain it with examples. Explain the various steps of natural language processing. Briefly explain the parse tree & parse the sentence. "John broke the window with a hammer"

The term Artificial Intelligence ( AI ) was coined by John McCarthy in 1955, defined it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines". The various definitions have been proposed since then by scientist and researchers. It is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs. It is related to the similar task of using computers to understand human intelligence, but AI does not have to confine itself to methods that are biologically observable. [ John McCarthy ] The goal of work in artificial intelligence is to build machines that perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence. [ Nilsson. Nils J. ]

 Introduction to Prolog Programming The Basics Prolog (Programming in logic) is one of the most widely used programming languages in artificial intelligence research. As opposed to imperative languages such as C or java (the latter of which also happens to be object-oriented) it is a declarative programming language. That means, when implementing the solution to a problem, instead of specifying how to achieve a certain goal in a certain situation, we specify what is situation (rules and facts) and the goals (query) are and let the prolog interpreter derive the solution for us. Prolog is very useful in some problem areas, such as artificial intelligence, natural language processing, database,.... but pretty useless in others, such as graphics or numerical algorithms. Basic Features of Prolog Features of Prolog are:- Facts Terms Queries Logical Variables Shared Variables Data Types in Prolog Rules