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Unit - 1 Introduction : Introduction to Artificial Intelligence, Foundations and History of AI, Applications of AI, Intelligent Agents, Structure of Intelligent Agents, Computer vision, Natural Language Possessing. Important Questions : 1. What is Artificial Intelligence ? John McCarthy , who coined the term Artificial Intelligence in 1956, defines it as  " the science and engineering of making intelligent machines ", especially intelligent computer programs. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science that aims to create it. Intelligence is the computational part of the ability to achieve goals in the world. Varying kinds and degrees of intelligence occur in people, many animals and some machines AI is the study of the mental faculties through the use of computational models. How to make computers fo things which, at the moment, people do better. AI is the study and design of intelligent agen...

Introduction        (5 mark question) A Smart Card , Chip Card, or Integrated Circuit Chip (ICC) is any pocket-sized card with embedded integrated circuits, smart card is a plastic card about the size of a credit card, with an embedded microchip that are loaded with data used for telephone calling, electronic cash payments, and other applications, and then periodically refreshed for additional use. ' Fig 1 : Smart card chip structure and packaging Smart card can provide identification , authentication , data storage and application processing. Smart cards may provide strong security authentication for single sign-on (SSO) within large organizations. Smart card are suitable for personal identification tasks, the chip is implemented with some cryptographic algorithm.

The term Artificial Intelligence ( AI ) was coined by John McCarthy in 1955, defined it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines". The various definitions have been proposed since then by scientist and researchers. It is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs. It is related to the similar task of using computers to understand human intelligence, but AI does not have to confine itself to methods that are biologically observable. [ John McCarthy ] The goal of work in artificial intelligence is to build machines that perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence. [ Nilsson. Nils J. ]